58例年轻恒牙外伤冠折的处理分析

目的：探究年轻恒牙外伤冠折的临床处理方法及效果。方法选择该院2009年3月—2014年9月口腔科门诊就诊年轻恒牙不同程度的外伤冠折的患者58例,依据不同临床表现分别给予直接盖髓术,活髓切断术,根尖诱导术治疗后对患牙进行随诊观察。结果治疗成功患牙52颗,占89%。结论对于年轻恒牙的外伤冠折,选择好正确的治疗方法,大多数患牙能保存牙髓活力,牙根能继续发育,永久性修复后患牙功能良好。     

A Low Pulse Food Intake May Contribute to the Poor Nutritional Status and Low Dietary Intakes of Adolescent Girls in Rural Southern Ethiopia

Poor nutrition in adolescent girls poses critical health risks on future pregnancy and birth outcomes especially in developing countries. Our purpose was to assess nutritional status and dietary intake of rural adolescent girls and determine pulse and food intake patterns associated with poor nutritional status. A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in a traditional pulse growing region of southern Ethiopia on 188 girls between 15 to 19 years of age, with 70% being from food insecure families. Prevalence of stunting (30.9%) and underweight (13.3%) were associated with low food and nutrient intake. Diets were cereal-based, with both animal source foods and pulses rarely consumed. Improving dietary intakes of female adolescents with nutrient dense foods would ensure better health for themselves and for the next generation.     

改良氢氧化钙糊剂在根尖诱导成行术中的临床应用

目的：观察改良氢氧化钙糊剂应用于根尖诱导成形术的临床疗效。方法：年轻恒牙牙髓炎和根尖周炎患者87例,随机分为两组：改良氢氧化钙糊剂组（A组）,50颗,以改良氢氧化钙糊剂行根尖诱导成形术;传统氢氧化钙糊剂组（B组）,48颗,以传统氢氧化钙糊剂行根尖诱导成形术,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果：A组成功46颗,成功率为92.0%;B组成功35颗,成功率为72.9%,A组疗效显著优于B组。结论：改良氢氧化钙糊剂应用于年轻恒牙根尖诱导成形术优于传统氢氧化钙糊剂。     

广西青年居民肺结核病知识知晓率调查

目的：调查广西青年居民对肺结核病防治知识的知晓率情况,为开展健康教育,提高公民防治肺结核病的意识提供依据。方法采用结核病防治知识知晓率调查问卷对735名广西城乡青年居民进行调查。结果本次调查的735名广西青年中听说过肺结核病的占96．2％（707／735）,知道肺结核病能传播的占78．6％（556／707）,知道肺结核病有免费治疗政策的占57．4％（406／707）,知道结核病能治好的占43．3％（306／707）;对“肺结核能传播”“肺结核治疗有无免费政策”方面的认知乡村组均高于城镇组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为4．992,5．786;P＜0．05）。结论广西青年居民对结核病的核心知识知晓程度较低,结核病的疾病宣传与防治的力度仍需要加强。     

The social ecology of girls' bullying practices: exploratory research in two London schools

This exploratory study adopts a socio‐ecological approach to examine the context of school bullying. It asks: (1) what are students' accounts of bullying practices?; (2) how are these enabled and constrained by the school‐environment?; (3) how is gender implicated? Qualitative data were collected from girls in two schools in London via focus groups (one in each school; students aged 12‐15) and seven semi‐structured interviews (in one school; students aged 16‐18); and from school policy documents. Our interpretation of girls' accounts, informed by Giddens' structuration theory, suggests that bullying practices were spatially patterned in the schools and often characterised by the regulation of girls' sexuality and sexual‐harassment. Repeated acts of aggression were fluid with regard to the bully and victim role, challenging the dominant view of bullying as characterised by consistent disparities in power between individuals. Schools structured bullying behaviour via policies and practices that ignored these forms of abuse and which focused on and may have been complicit in the making of stable ‘bully’ and ‘victim’ roles, thus indirectly contributing to the reproduction of unhealthy relationships between students. In terms of gender, traditional gendered and sexual discourses appear to structure the identities of the schools and girls in our study.     

Association between overweight and characteristics of young adult students: support for nursing care

OBJECTIVE:

to verify associations between overweight and the characteristics of young adult students to support nursing care.

METHOD:

case-control study conducted with young adults from public schools. The sample was composed of 441 participants (147 cases and 294 controls, with and without excess weight, respectively). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected together with exposure factors and anthropometrics. Multiple logistic regression was used. The study received Institutional Review Board approval.

RESULTS:

statistically significant association with overweight: non-Caucasian, having a partner; weight gain during adolescence, mother''s excess weight, the use of obesogenic medication, augmented diastolic blood pressure, of abdominal circumference and waist/hip ratio. In addition to these, schooling and weight gain during childhood were also included in the multivariate analysis. After adjustment, the final model included: having a partner, weight gain during adolescence, augmented diastolic blood pressure and abdominal circumference.

CONCLUSION:

the analysis of predictor variables for excess weight among young adult students supports nurses in planning and developing educational practices aimed to prevent this clinical condition, which is a risk factor for other chronic comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases.     

青年脑出血的病因及危险因素分析

目的探讨青年脑出血的危险因素及病因。方法回顾分析我院2008-01—2014-01收治的青年脑出血患者的临床资料。结果青年脑出血共779例,男性多于女性。病因从高到底依次为高血压、不明原因、血管畸形、妊娠/产褥期、瘤卒中、血液系统疾病、烟雾病和系统性红斑狼疮。危险因素为高血压、血脂异常、饮酒、心脑血管病家族史、吸烟、糖尿病和既往卒中史。18~31年龄组与32~45年龄组比,脑血管畸形发病比例明显增高(P0.05)。32~45年龄组与18~31年龄组比较,高血压脑出血比例明显增高(P0.05)。结论年龄增长脑出血比例增加,男性多于女性;高血压是主要病因,其次是脑血管畸形;高血压史、吸烟饮酒、血脂异常可能与青年脑出血有关。     

Girls feeling good at school: School gender environment,internalization and awareness of socio-cultural attitudes associations with self-esteem in adolescent girls

As society continues to advocate an unrealistically thin body shape, awareness and internalization of appearance and its consequent impact upon self-esteem has become increasingly of concern, particularly in adolescent girls. School gender environment may influence these factors, but remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess differences between two different school environments in appearance attitudes, social influences and associations with self-esteem. Two hundred and twelve girls (M = 13.8 years) attending either a single-sex or co-educational school completed measures on socio-cultural attitudes towards appearance, social support and self-esteem. Though marginal differences between school environments were found, significantly higher internalization was reported among girls at the co-educational school. School environment moderated relations between internalization and self-esteem such that girls in co-educational environments had poorer self-esteem stemming from greater internalization. Thus, in a single-sex school environment, protective factors may attenuate negative associations between socio-cultural attitudes towards appearance and self-esteem in adolescent girls.